摘要： 为学界必须直面的重大问题。在此背景下，近日，江苏省道德发展智库、江苏省公民道德与社会风尚协同创新中心、东南大学中华伦理与未来文明研究院、东南大学人文学院等单位共同举办“伦理与文明”国际会议。《探索与争鸣》编辑部在会议基础上，聚焦“大变局时代的伦理应对”，组织本次圆桌笔谈，邀请部分与会学者以及相关领域专家围绕技术伦理、主体责任、全球秩序与文明理解等议题展开探讨，共同解答时代的伦理难题。万俊人教授指出，当代社会面临着“形而上学堆积”的道德疑难与类似“辛顿问题”的技术伦理挑战，哲学伦理学必须超越单纯的解释功能，以“天职”意识承担起改变世界的实践责任，重建一种足以承担时代使命的新型哲学和科技伦理。邓安庆教授批判了传统元伦理学在人工智能冲击下的局限性，分析了以道义实存论作为当代元伦理学的可能性，提出以道义实存论重构在场形而上学，让伦理学重返生活世界，为时代的伦理危机提供具有思想性的智慧的解决方案。王淑芹教授指出，确保人工智能向善发展的关键，在于将伦理要求内化为相关行动主体的美德。科技研发者、政策制定者与伦理评审者的卓越品格，是填补法律滞后空间、实现价值对齐不可或缺的“内控力”与“压舱石”。庞俊来教授提出，要超越文明冲突，需建立一种新的“伦理理解”模式。这种理解不依赖于西方语言中心主义的范式，而是基于“命运的通感”“知识的同构”与“价值的共享”，旨在为不同文明间的深度对话与“伦理文明”的构建奠基。曲红梅教授基于马克思主义世界历史理论，探讨了全球交往中个体成员的规范性立场。她试图超越爱国主义与世界主义的抽象对立，为“人类命运共同体”这一理念提供坚实的哲学基础。蒋艳艳副教授聚焦高度不确定时代的公共舆论场域，构建了一个包含道德认知、道德态度与道德规范因子的分析模型，并提出以对话的道德影响力为旨趣来探寻道德舆论的应然模式。

Abstract: In today’s world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating. Frontier technologies are making continuous breakthroughs, profoundly reshaping modes of production and life as well as structures of social governance. Meanwhile, undercurrents of deglobalization are surging, regional conflicts and inter-civilizational frictions occur frequently, traditional and non-traditional security threats are overlapping and resonating. Humanity is undergoing changes unseen in a century. Against this complex backdrop, ethics and morality are no longer abstract propositions confined to the study. They have become critical variables bearing on technology for good, social harmony, and even the survival and development of human civilization. How to ground ourselves in China’s practice, respond to the questions of the times, explore Chinese solutions for ethical challenges amid the surge of technology and the collision of civilizations, and provide certain value anchors for an uncertain future, these have become major issues that the academic community must confront directly. To this end, we have invited experts and scholars from related fields to engage in discussions across dimensions including technology ethics, subject responsibility, global order, and inter-civilizational understanding, collectively addressing the ethical questions posed by our times.

Professor Wan Junren pointed out that philosophical ethics must transcend mere explanatory functions and, with a sense of “vocation”, assume the practical responsibility of transforming the world, thus reconstructing a new form of philosophy and technology ethics. Professor Deng Anqing critiqued the limitations of traditional meta-ethics under the impact of AI and proposed reconstructing a metaphysics of presence through “moral-ontological realism”. Professor Wang Shuqin noted that the key to ensuring the benevolent development of AI lies in internalizing ethical requirements as virtues of the relevant agents. Professor Pang Junlai proposed that overcoming civilizational conflict requires establishing a new mode of “ethical understanding”. Professor Qu Hongmei sought to transcend the abstract opposition between patriotism and cosmopolitanism, providing a solid philosophical foundation and practical guidance for the concept of “A Community with a Shared Future for Mankind”. Associate Professor Jiang Yanyan constructed an analytical model comprising moral cognition, moral attitude, moral norm factors, and proposed exploring the ought-to-be model of moral public opinion with the aim of dialogical moral influence.