摘要： 在世界百年未有之大变局加速演进、全球经济格局深度调整、技术进步加速迭代的复杂背景下，党的二十届四中全会深入分析国内国际形势，就制定国民经济和社会发展“十五五”规划谋篇布局。2026年是“十五五”规划开局之年，如何通过制度型开放构建更高水平开放型经济新体制，以深化改革进一步做强国内大循环，进而通过国内国际双循环协同共振实现发展范式转型升级，是攸关我国中长期高质量发展的核心命题。为此，《探索与争鸣》编辑部在2025年9月与华东师范大学经济与管理学院联合举办“‘十五五’高质量发展：制度型开放与畅通内循环”圆桌会议的基础上，特邀相关专家学者围绕做强国内大循环与制度型开放的改革路径、政策创新、联动机制等展开深度对话，分“大循环”和“制度型开放”两期专题刊发，希冀从理论维度助力“十五五”时期我国经济的高质量发展与普惠包容、互利共赢的开放型世界经济秩序的构建。 尹艳林副主任指出，服务业开放是我国制度型开放的重要抓手。当前服务业领域对外开放已经取得显著进展，但依然限于“点”上突破、尚未实现“面”上的开放态势，电信、教育、医疗、金融、试点示范领域是下一步对外开放的重点方向。张军教授指出，我国经济正处于转型关键期，制度型开放是突破发展边界的核心路径，同时以上海为例剖析其发展契机与制度短板，提出构建新型离岸经济，通过打造数据枢纽港、创设人才通行证、推动监管试验田制度化来引领制度型开放。刘培林研究员认为，我国经济处于“量增价缩”的第五种宏观型态，对外经济往来面临多重挑战，提出扩大出口信贷带动设备更新，可提振内需、优化对外援助，是畅通国内外循环、与世界共同发展的可行结合点。吕越教授指出，全球产业链重构呈现本地化、多元化、数智化、绿色化的新趋势，规则对接、要素流动、分工合作、制度保障是制度型开放影响产业链供应链安全的机制路径，提出制度型开放与产业链供应链安全协同发展的四个着力点。张学良教授指出，我国对外开放正从政策型开放、分割式开放向制度型开放、协同性开放转向，区域联动为高水平对外开放筑牢基础，提出推动陆港型全球城市建设、构建中西部“小钻石菱形”区域，提升国际竞争力与区域发展协调性。李实教授提出，包容性改革是制度型开放稳步扩大的基石，结合富裕目标和共享目标分析当前长短期压力及化解的关键所在，提出将构建全国统一生产要素市场，进一步推进户籍制度、土地制度、税收和转移支付制度、保障房制度作为包容性改革的重点方向。黄少卿教授提出“服务驱动型制造”模式，也即以数字领域的制度开放创新为导向，形成“平台交易+数据服务”“数字化采购+智能仓配”“云端制造执行系统+生产协同”三种创新形态，进而通过营造制度环境、优化竞争机制、推动政策范式转型，彻底打破双重理论魔咒，推动制造业产业升级与中国经济提质增效。

Abstract: The year 2026 marks the beginning of the “15th Five-Year Plan”. The core issue for China’s mediumand long-term high-quality development is how to establish a new system of higher-level open economy through institutional opening-up, deepen reforms to further smoothen the domestic circulation, and achieve transformation and upgrading of the development paradigm through synergistic resonance. Based on the roundtable discussion on “High-Quality Development in the ‘15th Five-Year Plan’: Institutional Opening-Up and Smooth Domestic Circulation”, we have specially invited relevant experts and scholars to engage in in-depth discussions on the reform path, policy innovation, and linkage mechanism for strengthening domestic circulation and institutional opening-up. The outcomes of the meeting are published in two installments. Yin Yanlin pointed out that the current breakthroughs are still limited to “points” and have not achieved an open trend on a “plane”. The fields of telecommunications, education, healthcare, finance, and pilot demonstration are the key directions for further opening up. Professor Zhang Jun pointed out that institutional openness is the core path to break through development boundaries, and took Shanghai as an example to analyze its institutional “software” shortcomings. Researcher Liu Peilin proposed that expanding export credit to drive equipment renewal can boost domestic demand and optimize foreign aid allocation. This approach serves as a feasible convergence point for facilitating smooth domestic and international circulation and achieving joint development with the world. Professor Lv Yue pointed out that the restructuring of global industrial chains is exhibiting new trends characterized by localization, diversification, digitalization and intelligence, as well as green transformation. Rule alignment, factor mobility, division of labor and cooperation, and institutional safeguards constitute the mechanism through which institutional openness influences the security of industrial and supply chains. Professor Zhang Xueliang pointed out that regional coordination lays a solid foundation for high-level opening-up to the outside world. He proposed promoting the development of inland-port-centered global cities, constructing a “small diamond rhombus” regional layout in the central and western regions, and enhancing both international competitiveness and regional development coordination. Professor Li Shi proposed the establishment of a unified national market for production factors, further advancing inclusive reforms with a focus on key areas such as the household registration system, land system, taxation and transfer payment systems, and affordable housing policies. Professor Huang Shaoqing proposed the “service-driven manufacturing” model, aiming to thoroughly break the dual theoretical curses and promote industrial upgrading in the manufacturing sector as well as improve the quality and efficiency of China's economy by creating an institutional environment, optimizing competitive mechanisms, and facilitating the transformation of policy paradigms.