摘要： 孟德斯鸠在《论法的精神》中提出了“民法慈母论”的观点，旨在以私法方式规范征收行为，但当时法国民法在征收及其他方面并非如“慈母”般对待民众。虽然法国后续的立法对国家征收权进行限制，在一定程度上是受到孟德斯鸠思想的影响，但不能就此认定法国民法具有普遍的慈母性。1982 年后，张雁深《论法的精神》译本中的“民法慈母语”在我国大陆地区学界广泛传播，但在世界其他主要语种国家和地区，以及我国台湾地区文献中涉及较少，两者形成鲜明对比。通过考察其传播情况可发现，我国学界对“民法慈母论” 存在误读，这种认知可能会影响我国的民事立法。回到原初语境，对“民法慈母论”进行必要审视与反思，可助力我国民法与世界民法接轨。

关键词: 孟德斯鸠, 民法慈母论, 征收, 《论法的精神》

Abstract: Montesquieu advanced the “Civil Laws are the Loving Mother” in The Spirit of the Laws with the aim of regulating expropriation through private-law mechanisms. However, French civil law at the time did not, in either expropriation or other domains, treat the populace with the care of such a “kind mother”. Although subsequent French legislation imposed limits on state expropriation powers-partly under the influence of Montesquieu’s thought, this cannot be taken as proof of the maternal benevolence in French civil law. Since 1982, the rendering “Civil Laws are the Loving Mother” in Zhang Yanshen’s Chinese translation of The Spirit of the Laws has circulated widely in mainland Chinese academia. But in mary regions, references to this phrase are notably scarce, forming a striking contrast. An examination of its dissemination reveals that Chinese scholarship has, to some extent, misinterpreted the “kind mother” theory, a misconception that risks influencing the direction of China’s civil legislation. Returning to the original context and engaging in a necessary critical reflection on this theory can assist in aligning Chinese civil law more closely with its global counterparts.

Key words: Montesquieu, “Civil Laws are the Loving Mother”, expropriation, The Spirit of the Laws