摘要：

在科技革命深刻重塑社会结构与个体经验的今天，推想文学正从传统的文类版图中异军突起，凭借其包容性的姿态、跨媒介的活力与面向未来的思辨精神，成为世界文学场域中不容忽视的文化现象。从科幻、奇幻到或然历史，从技术乌托邦到生态太阳朋克，推想文学以“假如……将会怎样”的开放性逻辑，构建了一个个偏离经验现实的“可能世界”，不仅为我们提供了审视历史、干预现实的认知棱镜，更在全球范围内激发了一场关乎文化认同、价值观念与共同命运的“想象力之战”。为此，《探索与争鸣》编辑部特邀七位深耕于此的专家学者，共同探讨推想文学作为一个文类、一种方法、一项全球文化实践的丰富内涵与未来可能，以期在思想碰撞中，为理解我们时代的技术、社会与未来打开更广阔的空间。

王守仁教授从文学社会历史批评的视角出发，强调推想文学虽立足虚构，却始终根植于对社会现实的观察与反思，其构建的“或然现实”具有强烈的现实观照与社会批判功能。王宁教授梳理了赛博格从科幻想象到现实文化现象的演进，揭示其打破人机、性别等二元对立，挑战人类中心主义的历史动能，以及为后人类时代与新大众文艺带来的启示。宋炳辉教授以华裔作家匡灵秀的《巴别塔》为例，精妙地剖析了小说如何将翻译的“语言魔法”作为推想逻辑，揭示了殖民主义权力运作中的知识共谋与暴力循环，展现了推想叙事重构历史、批判现实的强大力量。何成洲教授聚焦推想文学的跨媒介叙事，指出其魅力不仅在于文本内部的游戏、童话等混合叙事，更在于文本外部持续的改编再创作，这一双向互动的过程构成推想文学参与世界建构的重要方式。都岚岚教授将视野投向全球南方的拉美“太阳朋克”，认为其异世界想象并非简单的技术乐观主义，而是在融合本土传统与生态正义的同时，深刻揭示了技术赋能与殖民幽灵并存的“希望的悖论”。吴攸教授系统梳理了中国科幻文学中“技术乐观主义”传统的百年流变，指出其已从早期的“科学救国”演变为一种反思性的“方法性希望”，成为在危机中重构人类共同命运的能动力量。陈楸帆助理教授以文类理论为框架，辩证地分析了“推想小说”作为边缘概念对“科幻小说”中心地位的挑战与重构，并指出文类的生命力恰恰在于这种中心与边缘的永恒动态关系之中。

Abstract:

In an era where technological revolution is profoundly reshaping social structures and individual experience, speculative fiction is emerging as a prominent force from the traditional literary landscape. With its inclusive stance, cross-media vitality, and future-oriented critical spirit, it has become a cultural phenomenon that cannot be ignored in the field of world literature. Speculative fiction not only provides us with a cognitive prism through which to examine history and intervene in reality, but also ignites a global “battle over imagination” concerning cultural identity, values, and shared destiny. To this end, we have invited seven distinguished scholars to explore the rich connotations and future possibilities of speculative fiction as a genre, a method, and a global cultural practice, aiming to open up broader horizons for understanding the technology, society, and future of our time through intellectual exchange.

Professor Wang Shouren emphasizes that speculative fiction is rooted in observations and reflections on social reality, and the “alternative realities” it constructs carry strong social commentary and critical functions. Professor Wang Ning traced the evolution of cyborgs from a sci-fi imagination to a real cultural phenomenon, revealing their historical momentum in breaking down binary oppositions such as human-machine and gender, thereby challenging anthropocentrism, as well as the insights they bring. Professor Song Binghui incisively analyzes how the novel employs the “linguistic magic” of translation as a speculative logic, revealing the complicity of knowledge and cycles of violence in the operation of colonial power, thus demonstrating the powerful capacity of speculative narratives to reconstruct history and critique reality. Professor He Chengzhou focuses on the transmedia storytelling of speculative fiction, pointing out that its appeal lies not only in the hybrid narratives of games, fairy tales, etc., within the text, but also in the continuous adaptation and re-creation that occurs outside the text. Professor Du Lanlan turns her attention to Latin American “Solarpunk” in the Global South, arguing that its otherworldly imaginings profoundly reveal the “paradox of hope”, where technological empowerment coexists with the specter of colonialism. Professor Wu You systematically traces the century-long evolution of the “techno-optimism” tradition in Chinese science fiction, noting that it has shifted from an early “science saves the nation” ethos to a reflective “methodological hope”. Assistant professor Chen Qiufan, using genre theory as a framework, dialectically analyzes how “speculative fiction”, as a marginal concept, challenges and reconstructs the centrality of “science fiction”, and argues that the vitality of a genre lies precisely in this eternal dynamic relationship between center and periphery.