摘要： 传统自主理论预设了自足且独立的自我，掩盖了自我认知和自我实现的关系依赖性。其用以实现自主的抽象化程序原则将个体隔绝在社会化影响之外。关系性自主理论揭示了由社会关系和共同体成员身份所构建的自我。关系性的自我须对塑造了其同一性的多重关系做出积极、正面且富有独创性的回应，方能实现自主。在相互回应的过程中，行动者将自身认可为有能力和资格向他人提供理由并且有资格要求他人提供理由的平等对话者。平等对话使自主的发展成为全体行动者的共同任务。对话持续发生在具体的关系和情境之中，因而自主的实现也是在不断涌现的特殊案例中持续推进的探索过程。关系性自主的伦理框架澄清自主的内涵和要求，为当代技术带来的伦理困境提供重要启发，有助于在新伦理情境中重新确立自主本应具有的规范性效力。

Abstract: Traditional autonomy theories presuppose a self-sufficient and independent self, obscuring the relational dependency of self-cognition and self-realization. Their abstract procedural principles for achieving autonomy insulate the individual from social influences. Relational autonomy theory reveals a self constituted by social relationships and community memberships. To achieve autonomy, the relational self must respond positively, affirmatively, and with originality to the multiple relationships that shape its identity. In this process of mutual response, the agent recognizes themselves as an equal interlocutor who is both capable and qualified to offer reasons to others and to demand reasons from others. Being held accountable entails being granted the qualification to articulate one’s own values; being able to take responsibility empowers the agent to participate in normative dialogue. Relational autonomy further establishes the normativity of autonomy by offering a new interpretation of agents’ self-cognition and self-realization, revealing that the development of autonomy is a common task for all agents and an ongoing exploratory process advanced through continually emerging particular cases.

Key words: autonomy, relational autonomy, moral responsibility, normativity