摘要： 面对部分西方国家主导的传统规则体系，“全球南方”在国际条约谈判中展现出鲜明的集体行动逻辑。《联合国海洋法公约》的落地是“全球南方”在宏观领域推动国际秩序公平发展的重要实践；WTO框架下的《渔业补贴协定》则是“全球南方”在微观领域维护自身权益、深度参与国际规则制定的具体表现。宏观领域的实践凸显“全球南方”以追寻海洋资源公平划分为核心，依托多边磋商平台化解分歧，利用以量取胜与灵活协商取得成效的权力博弈路线。微观领域则深层次呈现“全球南方”在集体行动中共同追求的权利保障、能力建设与规则公平三重诉求。宏观与微观领域的集体行动逻辑并非孤立断裂的，宏观领域的秩序构建保证“全球南方”的发展与话语空间，微观领域的规则博弈则是对宏观层面公平原则的具体阐释，反映了“全球南方”在参与国际治理过程中从“权属之争”向“规则之争”的方向转变。

Abstract: Confronted with the traditional rule system dominated by some Western powers, the “Global South” demonstrates a distinct logic of collective action in international treaty negotiations. The conclusion of theUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Searepresents a pivotal practice through which the Global South advances a fairer international order at the macro level. At the micro level, the WTOAgreement on Fisheries Subsidiesexemplifies the Global South’s concrete efforts to safeguard its own interests and engage deeply in international rule-making. Analysis reveals that macro-level practice highlights a power-bargaining approach centered on the equitable distribution of marine resources, relying on multilateral consultation platforms to manage divergences, and leveraging numerical superiority and flexible negotiation to achieve outcomes. Micro-level practice, in contrast, reflects the Global South’s deeper collective aspirations for rights protection, capacity building, and fairness in rule-making. The action logics at the macro and micro levels are not isolated or discontinuous: Macro-level order-building secures the development space and discursive space for the Global South, while micro-level rule contestation provides a concrete articulation of macro-level fairness principles, which reflect a transformation in the Global South’s collective action from “contesting entitlements” to “contesting rules” within the evolving landscape of global governance.

Key words: “Global South”, logic of collective action, Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, rules game