摘要： 政绩如何引起上级注意，是理解科层体制中地方政府行为逻辑的重要切入点。“政绩窗口”这一中观概念，可以解释地方政府在时间压力与竞争情境下持续强化政绩展示的行为机制，它是指在上级激励持续释放、横向竞争压力存在以及地方创新实践不断积累的条件下，地方将特定治理领域集中打造为可被观察、可被比较的政绩表现的短暂机会结构。其同时具有时机、平台与通道三重属性，运行过程表现为生产、开启、扩大与合理化的动态演化，是纵向分配与横向竞争并存的注意力调节机制。政绩窗口并非偶发，而是在激励压力并存、收益风险衡量、时间资源稀缺等因素的共同作用下成为地方政府的常规策略。通过揭示政绩窗口的生成逻辑与运作机制，或可为理解地方政府的可视化施政、政策创新扩散以及竞优性展示行为提供解释框架，也是对形式治理何以生成的结构性回应。

关键词: 政绩窗口, 组织注意力, 注意力竞争, 科层制, 地方政府

Abstract: How local governments draw superior attention to their achievements is key to understanding their behavior within the bureaucratic system. The concept of performance windows explains the mechanism driving local governments to intensify performance display under time pressure and competition. It refers to a transient opportunity structure where localities concentrate resources to make specific governance domains observable and comparable, amid sustained superior incentives, horizontal pressures, and accumulated innovations. Functioning as an attention-regulating mechanism, performance windows integrate timing, platforms, and channels, evolving dynamically through production, activation, expansion, and rationalization. Far from sporadic, they have become a routine strategy shaped by coexisting incentives and pressures, benefit-risk calculations, and resource scarcity. Revealing the logic of performance windows offers a framework for understanding visible governance, policy innovation diffusion, and competitive display, while structurally explaining the emergence of formal governance.

Key words: performance window, organizational attention, attention competition, bureaucracy, local government