摘要： 对于中国传统社会的司法实践中反复出现的诬告现象，采用文化基因论的解释路径虽然有助于描绘制度差异，却容易遮蔽程序结构、制度激励与行动策略间的因果关系。因此，有必要提出一种区别于文化归因的分析路径。在国内近来关于诬告现象研究的基础上，可以引入适应性策略的分析视角，从程序结构、制度激励与心理机制出发，重构其生成逻辑。通过这种新视角的观察会发现，诬告现象广泛存在于不同法律传统之中，它并非文化心理的直接外化，而是在特定制度约束与风险结构下被反复选择并稳定下来的行为模式。由此，那些长期被概括为“法律文化特征”的行为模式，应理解为制度运行的结果，而非其因果起点。据此，也可对以文化基因论的解释路径作出方法论反思。

关键词: 诬告, 文化基因, 适应性策略, 法律文化, 中华法系

Abstract: For the recurring phenomenon of false accusations in the judicial practice of traditional Chinese society, the cultural-genetic explanatory approach, while helpful in depicting institutional differences, tends to obscure the causal relationships among procedural structure, institutional incentives, and strategic action. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an analytical path different from cultural attribution. Building on recent Chinese research on false accusations, it introduces the analytical perspective of adaptive strategy to reconstruct the logic of their emergence from three dimensions: procedural structure, institutional incentives, and psychological mechanisms. Through this new perspective, it can be seen that false accusations exist widely across different legal traditions. They are not a direct externalization of cultural psychology, but rather an action pattern repeatedly selected and stabilized under specific institutional constraints and risk structures. Thus, those behavior patterns long summarized as “legal cultural characteristics” should be understood as outcomes of institutional operation, rather than their causal starting point. Accordingly, a methodological reflection on the cultural-genetic explanatory approach is also offered.

Key words: false accusations, cultural gene, adaptive strategy, legal culture, Chinese legal system