摘要： 从历史演变的视角看，主权可以区分为四层含义：最高决定权、最终所有权、主权性权力和主权性能力。其中，最高决定权和最终所有权分别是主权的本质性和根源性含义，属于主权的核心部分；而主权性权力和主权性能力分别是主权的法律性和治理性含义，属于主权的外围部分。进入网络时代后，主权面临着多重挑战。最高决定权和最终所有权面临的挑战是网络共产主义与网络自由主义的想象，主权性权力和主权性能力则面临技术封建主义与网络霸权主义的挑战。在应对这种挑战的实践探索方面，中国道路是在坚定维护网络主权的同时，通过主权性权力的合作与主权性能力的拓展，推动构建网络空间命运共同体。中国智慧可以实现从“对立思维”到“共生思维”的转变，并在实践中发挥时代性的引领作用。

关键词: 主权, 历史演变, 网络时代, 网络主权, 网络空间命运共同体

Abstract: From the perspective of historical evolution, sovereignty can be differentiated into four layers of meaning: supreme decision-making authority, ultimate ownership, sovereign power, and sovereign capacity. Among these, supreme decision-making authority and ultimate ownership constitute the essential and foundational meanings of sovereignty and belong to its core dimensions. By contrast, sovereign power and sovereign capacity represent the legal and governance-oriented meanings of sovereignty and belong to its peripheral dimensions. With the advent of the Internet age, sovereignty has come under multiple challenges. The challenges confronting supreme decision-making authority and ultimate ownership stem from the imaginaries of cyber communism and cyber liberalism, whereas sovereign power and sovereign capacity are challenged by techno-feudalism and cyber hegemonism. In terms of practical responses to these challenges, the Chinese approach lies in firmly safeguarding cyber sovereignty while, through cooperation in sovereign power and the expansion of sovereign capacity, advancing the building of a community with a shared future in cyberspace. Chinese wisdom makes possible a transformation from “adversarial thinking” to “symbiotic thinking” and, in practice, plays a leading role of epochal significance.

Key words: sovereignty, historical evolution, the Internet age, cyber sovereignty, a community with a shared future in cyberspace