摘要： 原儒对自己德性原则的守持是坚定的，这可以从“子见南子”与“王顾左右而言他”上得到印证。前者显示了原儒尝试政治介入时遭遇道德原则的自我设限，后者呈现出原儒站在道德高位对权力的训诫定势。这是儒家遵循贵族政治传统、对抗性地介入现实政治的表现，也是儒家很难影响先秦政治进程的原因。在汉统治者建国后的统治秩序重建进程中，汉儒因应于政局的变化，努力将儒家德性原则与现实政治需求关联起来考量。经由叔孙通到董仲舒顺应性的政治介入尝试，儒家终于找到一个不放弃其德性原则同时能成功介入政治权力运作的方略。这是汉儒对原儒关于道德与政治关系加以修正的结果，也是汉儒借鉴法家政治介入经验而作出的从对抗性政治介入向顺应性政治介入的重大转变。汉儒的这一转变，既是儒法互补结构成形的体现，也是政治观念与国家需求的统合标志。

关键词: 汉儒, 原儒, 道德高位, 政治介入, 法家

Abstract: Original Confucianism maintained a firm adherence to its moral principles, as evidenced by the episodes of “Confucius Meeting Nanzi” (“Zi Jian Nanzi”) and “The King Looking Left and Right, Speaking of Other Things” (“Wang Guzuoyou er Yanta”). The former illustrates the self-imposed moral constraints that Original Confucianism encountered when attempting political intervention, while the latter reveals the Confucian tendency to admonish power from a position of moral superiority. This represents Confucianism’s adherence to aristocratic political traditions and its confrontational approach to engaging with realpolitik, which also explains why Confucianism struggled to influence the political process in the pre-Qin period. During the reconstruction of the ruling order after the Han dynasty’s founders established the empire, Han Confucians adapted to changes in the political situation. They endeavored to reconcile Confucian moral principles with the practical demands of politics. Through the accommodative political interventions pursued by figures ranging from Shusun Tong to Dong Zhongshu, Confucianism finally found a strategy that enabled it to engage in the exercise of political power without abandoning its core moral principles. This was the result of Han Confucians’ revision of Original Confucianism’s understanding of the relationship between morality and politics. It also marked a major shift from confrontational to accommodative political intervention, achieved by drawing on Legalist experience in political intervention. This transformation by Han Confucians not only embodied the formation of a complementary Confucian-Legalist structure but also signified the integration of political ideology with the needs of the empire.

Key words: Han Confucians, Original Confucianism, moral superiority, political intervention, Legalism