摘要： 20 世纪六七十年代的赤脚医生制度及合作医疗模式，在中国乡村缺医少药的年代发挥了不可或缺的历史作用。其间，美术工作者和社会各界创作了大量以赤脚医生为主题的美术作品。借助“结构—表征”分析模型，考察以赤脚医生为代表的社会主义“新人”的视觉形象生产能够发现，赤脚医生的形象塑造是在特定环境和社会结构的形塑下，经由组织者、创作者、接受者与表现对象等多重主体互动的大众文艺的表征实践，最终凝结成一套相对稳定的意义系统。大众文艺与意义系统的互嵌以赤脚医生为焦点，以国家关怀与群众支持为关系联结，展现了视觉文化在社会动员与主体（新人）塑造中的重要作用。

关键词: 赤脚医生, 大众文艺, 意义系统, 视觉文化, 主体塑造, 结构—表征

Abstract: During the 1960s and 1970s, the barefoot doctor system and the cooperative medical care model played an indispensable historical role in a period when rural China faced a severe shortage of medical personnel and medicines. At the same time, artists and people from various sectors of society created a large number of artworks centered on the barefoot doctor. Adopting a “structure-representation” analytical model, it examines the visual image production of the socialist “new person” represented by the barefoot doctor. It finds that the image construction of the barefoot doctor was a representational practice of mass literature and art shaped by specific environments and social structures, emerging from the dynamic interaction among multiple subjects including organizers, creators, receivers, and the represented objects themselves, and ultimately crystallized into a relatively stable system of meaning. Centered on the barefoot doctor, this system of meaning sought to forge a connection between state care and popular support, thereby demonstrating the significant role of socialist visual culture in social mobilization and subject formation.

Key words: barefoot doctors, popular literature and art, system of meaning, visual culture, subject shaping, structure-representation